Calcium
Calcium fulfills various functions like bone mineralization and transmission of nerve impulses. Decreased amounts occur e.g. in osteoporosis and kidney diseases; increased levels indicate hyperparathyroidism and malignant diseases.
Reference Ranges
| Adults | 8.6 – 10.3 mg/dL | 2.15 – 2.57 mmol/L |
| Newborns, premature | 6.2-11.0 mg/dL | 1.55-2.75 mmol/L |
| Children < 10 d | 7.6-10.4 mg/dL | 1.90-2.60 mmol/L |
| Children 11 d-2 yr | 9.0-11.0 mg/dL | 2.25-2.75 mmol/L |
| Children 3-12 yr | 8.8-10.8 mg/dL | 2.20-2.70 mmol/L |
| Children 13-18 yr | 8.4-10.2 mg/dL | 2.10-2.55 mmol/L |
| Women | < 250 mg/24h | 6.24 mmoL/24h |
| Men | < 300 mg/24h | 7.49 mmoL/24h |
Each laboratory should check if the reference ranges are transferable to its own patient population and determine own reference ranges if necessary. For diagnostic purposes, the results should always be assessed with the patient’s medical history, clinical examinations and other findings.
Increased in
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Myeloma
- Metastic carcinoma
- Sarcoidosis
- Thiazide therapy
- Thyrotoxicosis
Decreased in
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Chronic renal disease
- Acute pancreatitis
- Prolonged or severe Vitamin D deficiency (Rickets, Osteomalacia)
- Malnutrition
- Sprue steatorrhea
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